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If you are trying to do pixel-perfect cross-browser CSS layout, then you have probably ran into problems with IE . I am going to highlight the top 7 CSS hacks that we often use to have pixel perfect design.
1)Box Model Hack
The box model hack is used to fix a rendering problem in pre-IE 6 browsers, where the border and padding are included in the width of an element, as opposed to added on
2) Conditional Comments
These conditional comments are for IE-only and they’re not supported by any other browser. For other browsers they are just an ordinary comments and therefor, they are safe to use.
The typical usage is as follows:
The above code applies to all versions of Internet Explorer, i.e. 5.01, 5.5 and 6.0, but now we want to apply it to versions of Internet Explorer, i.e. 5.01, 5.5 and 6.0, so we will apply the following condition:
After we finish testing, we remove all hacks to separate file(s), so the main CSS is clean and tidy. This separate file is then called in the header section of a file within conditional comments.
Condition is one of the following:
- IE (Any version of IE)
- lt IE version (Versions less than version)
- lte IE version(Versions less than or equal to version)
- IE version (Only version)
- gte IE version (Versions greater than or equal to version)
- gt IE version (Versions greater than version)
Version is the version of Internet Explorer, typically 5, 5.5, 6, or 7, you can read more info about this at Quirksmode.
3) Min-width and Max-width of an element
IE doesn’t understand this command, so we’ll need a new way of making this work in this browser. Let’s take a quick example, we need to apply this to a div with:
Next we create our CSS commands, so as to create a minimum width of 750px:
You might also want to combine this minimum width of 750px with a maximum width 1220px:
Another Alternative for for min-height without javascript is to use Dustin Diaz’ nice hack: :
4) Easy Selectors
Mac Shack
Most in-CSS hacks deal with selector bugs. Below is a list of different IE versions and the beginnings of selectors that are known to select elements in them. All of these selectors use valid CSS.
- IE 6 and below
- IE 7 and below
- IE 7 only
- IE 7 and modern browsers only
- Modern browsers only (not IE 7)
- Recent Opera versions 9 and below
5)Whatever: hover
The :hover selector enables you to have cool effect for html elements like and in tables.Most browsers have no problem with this, except IE which look at the stylesheets and each individual rule with javascript.
If :hover rules can be tracked, and .htc can be used to change an elements behavior, then it should be possible to create a behavior that enables :hover for any element.
You can read more about this here
6)Transparent PNGs
IE dosn’t handle transparent PNG too well. You’ll get an ugly grayish type background wherever it’s supposed to be transparent. And we cann’t just use GIFs because aren’t good for higher resolution images. So we need a CSS hack to fix this. Follow the following steps and you will be set:
- A HTC script and a transparent GIF will be used to solve this issue. You can download both files here
- Now just upload these 2 files to wherever you store your IE.css file.
- Add one simple line of CSS code to your ie.css file:
Another solution can be found at Komodomedia
7) Stylegala- No More CSS Hacks
Stylegala’s method is to detect browser version and serve different CSS rules to different user agents, without using hacks or conditional comments. At the same time the end user or validator will never see the CSS rules specified for other browsers than the one they are using. He used some simple PHP code to detect browser type exactly as any CSS hack.
Further Readings
Credits
Thanks to our friends 'Karim' and 'pacotole' for pointing out Dustin Diaz’ nice hack for min-height.
Thanks to our friend 'Narga' for creating a vietnamese translation page on http://www.narga.net/348
If you know CSS, you know that the above just seems to good to be true. Well, it is!
You really can’t make this happen without a little JavaScript. But, with a little JS, we can make our CSS much more complete.
Let’s imagine that we wanted to apply a whole bunch of CSS rules to Mac OS X browsers only. Wouldn’t it be great if we could just do something like:
Ideally, this would force all Mac OS X browsers to style paragraph tags with a 2em line height.
Well, as I said before, with a little JavaScript, we can actually make this possible. The below example uses jQuery.
Essentially, we’re adding the mac-os class name to your body tag if a Mac OS operating system is detected, which makes the above CSS rules possible!
Mac Shack Mi
Quick Tips
- You may not have the jQuery library loaded, in which case, this is easily done with “traditional” JavaScript:
document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].className += ' mac-os'; - If you wish to target only Webkit browsers on the Mac (Safari and Chrome), you can couple this tip with webkit’s proprietary media query as follows:
- Similarly, if you wanted specific styles to target individual Mac browsers, you could do the following:
Then, within your CSS, you’re able to do something like the following:
- Although these tricks may do the job, they may cause issues for you down the line. It may make sense to “reset” your CSS styles first. Each browser has a different set of defaults styles for each element (some might have a line height of 1em for paragraph tags while others have 1.25 em as the height).The best way to ensure consistency is to first set a base style for all elements. This technique is popular within WordPress themes but can be done easily by adding this one line of CSS to the beginning of your stylesheet:
Minified CSS reset styles